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Glossary
Arbitrage : Business of buying in one exchange and selling in
another to take advantage of price differences.
Auction : A mechanism used by the Stock Exchange to fulfill
its obligation to the buyer of a security. It is done when the seller is unable
to deliver the scrips sold by him. The security in
question is offered by a member who has ready possession of the scrips.
Bear
: An operator who expects the share price to fall
Bear Market : A weak and falling market where buyers are absent
Blue Chips : Shares of financially sound, well established
companies with a track record of good growth and regular payment of dividends.
Bonus Shares : Shares allotted to the existing shareholders by capitalising the reserves into additional capital. When
market expects a company to come out with a Bonus Issue, the price of the
shares normally goes up.
Book Closure : A company closes its register of members for
updating the records to facilitate payment of dividends or issue of rights of
bonus shares. Book closure is the period during which this process is done and
deliveries are not effected in the clearing house.
Bourse : A Stock Exchange
Bull : An operator who expects the share price to rise and takes position in
the market to sell at a later date.
Bull Market : A rising market where buyers far outnumber the
sellers
Call Option : An option where the buyer gets the
right to buy the underlying security at a specified future date.
Carry Forward : Settlement where positions are carried forward from
one settlement to another settlement.
Cash Settlement : Payment for transactions done in one settlement on
the due date.
Circuit Breaker : A mechanism used to restrain the market when it gets
overheated. The Exchange may relax the limit after a cooling off period of
about half an hour.
Clearing House : It is a legal counter party to both legs of every
trade. The netted purchase and sale positions of the trading Members are
settled through the Clearing House.
Company Objection : In some cases, the companies send back the
certificates received for transfer citing reasons for their inability to do so.
The letter sent by the Company is known as Company Objection.
Cum Bonus : A share is described as cum bonus when the purchaser
is entitled for current bonus
Cum Dividend : A shares is described as cum dividend when the
purchaser is entitled for current dividend
Cum Rights : A share is described as cum rights when the
purchaser is entitled for current rights
Day Order
: The quantity that remains untraded
is not cancelled until the end of the day.
Dealer : A
Dealer is a user who works on behalf of the Trading Member
Delivery Based Trading : When a share is bought or sold for the purpose of
receiving or effecting deliveries.
Dematerialisation : Process
of converting a security from physical form to electronic form
Derivatives : A
financial contract between two or more parties and it is derived from the
future value of an underlying asset.
Disclosed Quantity : An order entered in the system wherein only a
fraction of the order quantity is disclosed to the market.
Dividend : Cash
payment made to the shareholders out of the profits of the company.
Ex Bonus
: A share is described as Ex Bonus when the buyer is not
entitled for the Bonus. The seller remains the beneficiary.
Ex Dividend : A share is described as Ex Dividend when the buyer
is not entitled for the Dividend. The seller remains the beneficiary.
Ex Rights : A share is described as Ex Rights when the buyer is
not entitled for the Rights. The seller remains the beneficiary.
Expiry Date : The date and time after which a writer of an option
cannot exercise his rights.
Exposure Limit : The limit allowed to the Broker by the Exchange or
to the customer by broker. It is the total value upto
which one is allowed to hold open positions at any point of time.
Futures Contract : An agreement between parties for
a specified asset for performance on a fixed date in future.
Hedging : It is protecting an existing asset position from an
adverse future position. A hedger takes an equal and opposite position in the
futures market to the one he holds in the equity market.
Insider Trading : Trading carried out by people who
have access to non public price sensitive information.
Limit Order : A buy or sell order where price is
specified at the time of order entry
Long Position : A bull position in a security
Margin
: An upfront payment made by the customer to take
position in the market. His exposure limit is fixed based on the margin money
brought in by him.
Mark To Market : A notional profit or loss of a long or short
position as compared to the current market price.
Market Order : An order where no price specification is mentioned
at the time of placement
NSCCL
: National Securities Clearing Corporation Limited. The Clearing Corporation of the National Stock Exchange.
NSE : National Stock Exchange
Offer
: The price at which a share is available in the market
Offer Price : The price at which a company offers its shares to
the public through issue of a prospectus
Order Cancellation : A facility available in the trading system where one
is allowed to cancel the order placed earlier.
Order Modification : A facility available in the trading system where one
is allowed to modify an earlier order.
Pay In
: The designated day on which the members pay securities
and funds to the clearing house
Pay Out : The designated day on which the Clearing House
effects payment and deliveries to the members
Price Band : It sets up the upper and lower limits for a share's
movement on any given day. It is based on the previous trading day's closing
price. The system will not accept the orders that are out of bound.
Price Rigging : A process where persons collude to artificially
increase or decrease the price of a security
Put Option : An option where the buyer gets the right to sell the
underlying security at a specified future date.
Quote
: Prices at which a share can be bought or sold
Record Date : The date on which the beneficial
owner of the Corporate Benefits is determined.
Rematerialisation : Process of converting the shares from electronic
form to physical form
Rights Issue : Issue of new share to the existing shareholders at a
price which is normally lower than the current market price of the old shares.
It is issued in a fixed ratio to the those shares
which are already held.
SEBI
: The Securities Exchange Board of India, the regulatory
body controlling the functioning of Stock Exchanges in
Stop Loss Order : An order placed with a 'trigger price'. It is placed
to minimise the losses and the order can be either
for a purchase or a sale.
Volume
: The total number of shares that are transacted in a
scrip. It helps in analyzing and understanding the reasons behind price
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